How to Wire a Single Phase Distribution Board & Consumer Unit in Home Single Phase wiring installation is the most common wiring in residential buildings. In Single Phase supply (230V in UK, EU and 120V in US, Canada), there are 2 (one is Line (Live) and the other one is Neutral) incoming cables from the utility poles to energy meter …
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Automatic Plant Watering System – Full Source Code, Circuit & Project Report – PDF Download Introduction In daily operation related to watering the plants are the most important cultural practice and the most labour-intensive task. No matter whichever weather it is, either too hot and cold or too dry and wet it is very crucial to control the amount of …
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Power System Restoration – Power Outage & Restoring the Power Introduction Modern power grids are extremely complex and widespread. Surges in power overhead lines and other faults can cause massive network failures and permanent damage in power plants and in costumers’ equipments. If a network failure happens it is necessary to establish a program to restore power, avoiding the power …
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What is Metering & Energy Metering in Electrical Installations? Electric Parameters to Monitor Control and monitoring of electrical installations and equipments requires electric parameters to be monitored and that their values could be read by operators (local and remote) in meters and in control microprocessed units in central operating stations and stored. Common monitored electric parameters are: Voltage (U, V) …
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Design, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Control & Monitoring Systems Design Implementation The preparation of the design of control and monitoring systems requires the definition of a set of actions: Definition of equipments and systems to be controlled and monitored (all equipments – circuit breakers, instrument transformers, isolators, switches, etc. – must be identified by a code, defined by the …
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Medium & High Voltage (MV & HV) Cable Termination & Joints General Problems & Factors for Termination Terminations to indoor switchgears, electric motors, power transformers, instrument transformers and other electrical MV and HV (MV: Medium Voltage; 1 kV < V < 60 kV. HV: High Voltage: V ≥ 60 kV) equipment issues arising for multiple terminations design, namely for switchgears, …
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Electrical Works – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) To protect the employee’s body from injury Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be used. Basic PPE consists of: Cotton protective clothing with long sleeves Helmet or hard hat Goggles for eye protection Gloves (leather or rubber) Hearing protectors Safety footwear Figure 1 shows examples of PPE. Also Read: Emergency Planning for Safety & …
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Surge Arresters – Types & Characteristics Introduction Atmospheric lightning phenomenon on overhead lines and bare conductors or metallic structures of an outdoors substation and over voltages due to switching operations of equipments and networks (switching over voltages) can cause serious hazards to equipment. To protect the equipments and to aid insulation coordination surge arresters, also called “lightning arresters”, must be …
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Types of Cables used in Control & Communication Control Cables Control cables are used to connect instrument transformers, coils of circuit breakers and contactors, control switches, meters, protection devices and other control and monitoring equipment. Control cables have conductors in copper, insulation and outer sheath in PVC and they may have up to 150 cores. Each core is identified by …
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How to Control Electric Stress in Cable Joints & Terminations? Introduction Power cables are of great importance in power transmission and distribution systems. Terminations and joints are the basic accessories of the power cables and they are required to make connections between lines or to an electrical apparatus. The various aspects are considered while designing the cable terminations and joints …
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